{"id":4094,"date":"2025-11-29T00:42:10","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T00:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alvaro.com.au\/%e6%a2%9d%e6%ac%be%e8%88%87%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6\/"},"modified":"2025-12-16T01:05:49","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T01:05:49","slug":"%e6%a2%9d%e6%ac%be%e8%88%87%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/alvaro.com.au\/zh-hant\/%e6%a2%9d%e6%ac%be%e8%88%87%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u689d\u6b3e\u8207\u689d\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4094\" class=\"elementor elementor-4094 elementor-1995\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230773e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"230773e\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"my-custom-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff22692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ff22692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a780f8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a780f8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u689d\u6b3e\u8207\u689d\u4ef6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca33c95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ca33c95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d443eea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d443eea\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"my-custom-section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518db1a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"518db1a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da60388 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da60388\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf898c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf898c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u7db2\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48d4ba2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"48d4ba2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-802e866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"802e866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Alvaro Bros Builders Pty Limited<\/strong>\uff08ABN\uff1a95 003 919 819\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7d71\u7a31 <strong>Alvaro\u3001\u6211\u5011<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u6b61\u8fce\u60a8\uff0c\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u700f\u89bd\u8005\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6b224c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a6b224c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ff06b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71ff06b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de013ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"de013ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. \u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b46aec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b46aec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0e6839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0e6839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1.1 \u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u4f46\u9808\u9075\u5b88\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u3002\u5728\u60a8\u700f\u89bd\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8acb\u52d9\u5fc5\u95b1\u8b80\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u4e26\u540c\u610f\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u3002 <\/p><p>1.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u60a8\u540c\u610f\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4ee3\u8868\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u96c7\u4e3b\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u5247\u8868\u793a\u60a8\u4ee3\u8868\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u8a72\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u540c\u610f\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-decf8c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"decf8c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b7f62 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97b7f62\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8df55df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8df55df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. \u5b58\u53d6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aad8396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"aad8396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fe2d55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fe2d55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>2.1 \u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u5c0d\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u4e0d\u9055\u53cd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u60a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7981\u6b62\u3002<\/p><p>2.2 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u6642\u7d42\u6b62\u6216\u66ab\u505c\u60a8\u5c0d\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u6055\u4e0d\u53e6\u884c\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed69959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ed69959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d147ecd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d147ecd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fed1879 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fed1879\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. \u96b1\u79c1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4aab48c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4aab48c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8edfdc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8edfdc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6211\u5011\u6703\u6839\u64da\u6211\u5011\u7684\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u653f\u7b56\u8655\u7406\u6240\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u8acb\u9ede\u64ca<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alvaro.com.au\/zh-hant\/%e9%9a%b1%e7%a7%81%e6%ac%8a\/\">\u6b64\u8655<\/a><\/span>\u3002 <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32bb4b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"32bb4b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56e60a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56e60a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. \u8b8a\u66f4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7d8da2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7d8da2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4e0d\u6642\u4fee\u8a02\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u3002\u4fee\u8a02\u5f8c\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\u5728\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u767c\u5e03\u5f8c\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548\u3002\u60a8\u540c\u610f\u5b9a\u671f\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u77ad\u89e3\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u60a8\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u5c07\u8868\u793a\u60a8\u540c\u610f\u53d7\u4fee\u8a02\u5f8c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc7b19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"dcc7b19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bdf9fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bdf9fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. \u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6acb4af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6acb4af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>5.1 \u672a\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u4e8b\u5148\u66f8\u9762\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u767c\u5e03\u6216\u51fa\u552e\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u6216\u53ef\u5f9e\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u300c\u5167\u5bb9\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u5141\u8a31\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ed8\u8cbb\u5b58\u53d6\u8a72\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p><p>5.2 \u60a8\u540c\u610f\u50c5\u5c07\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u7528\u65bc\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>5.3 \u9664\u975e\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u6b3e\u53e6\u6709\u5141\u8a31\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u8907\u88fd\u3001\u91cd\u88fd\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u5e03\u3001\u4e0a\u50b3\u3001\u5f35\u8cbc\u3001\u50b3\u8f38\u6216\u6563\u5e03\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p><p>5.4 \u672a\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u4e8b\u5148\u66f8\u9762\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u5728\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u63a2\u52d8\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u87a2\u5e55\u6293\u53d6\u6216\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u64f7\u53d6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7dad\u8b77\u3001\u63a8\u9032\u6216\u91cd\u88fd\u6211\u5011\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5728\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u6216\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u65bc\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u5229\u76ca\uff08\u9664\u975e\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u660e\u78ba\u898f\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94e572 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e94e572\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d39ee0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d39ee0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. \u5167\u5bb9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a05b199 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a05b199\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>6.1 \u6240\u6709\u5167\u5bb9\u5747\u7531\u6211\u5011\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u8aa0\u610f\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u60a8\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u767c\u5e03\u4e4b\u65e5\u662f\u6e96\u78ba\u4e14\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u53d6\u5f97\u5167\u5bb9\u3002  <\/p><p>6.2 \u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5c0d\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6216\u6709\u7528\u6027\u6216\u5176\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u627f\u8afe\u4fdd\u6301\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u6216\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9019\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002 <\/p><p>6.3 \u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u610f\u898b\u6216\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8a8d\u53ef\u9019\u4e9b\u610f\u898b\u6216\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8a8d\u53ef\u5176\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u6216\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p><p>6.4 \u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u8a55\u4f30\u4e26\u627f\u64d4\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u5167\u5bb9\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7531\u6211\u5011\u9084\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u60a8\u5c0d\u5176\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6216\u6709\u7528\u6027\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u60a8\u540c\u610f\u6211\u5011\u6216\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u54e1\u5de5\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5747\u4e0d\u5c0d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u6cc1\u8ca0\u8cac\uff1a <\/p><p>\uff08a\uff09\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u986f\u793a\u6216\u907a\u6f0f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\uff1b<\/p><p>\uff08b\uff09\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5c0d\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6216\u907a\u6f0f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff1b\u6216<\/p><p>\uff08c\uff09\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u640d\u5931\u3002<\/p><p>6.5 \u5728\u6839\u64da\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u6216\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u61c9\u81ea\u884c\u67e5\u8a62\u4e26\u5c0b\u6c42\u76f8\u95dc\u884c\u696d\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7531\u6211\u5011\u9084\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76768f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"76768f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60b5a9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60b5a9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7. \u5ee3\u544a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f78386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f78386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5ee3\u544a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6307\u5411\u5ee3\u544a\u5546\u81ea\u5df1\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u8d85\u9023\u7d50\uff09\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5ee3\u544a\u5546\u627f\u64d4\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u653e\u7f6e\u5ee3\u544a\u4e26\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5ee3\u544a\u5546\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u63a8\u85a6\u6216\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u5ee3\u544a\u5546\u5c0d\u8207\u5176\u5ee3\u544a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8072\u660e\u8ca0\u5168\u90e8\u8cac\u4efb\u3002 <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6137ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b6137ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d7d797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1d7d797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">8. \u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67d55e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67d55e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>8.1 \u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5716\u5f62\u3001\u6a19\u8a8c\u3001\u5716\u793a\u3001\u9304\u97f3\u548c\u8edf\u9ad4\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u6b78\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6709\u6216\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u6388\u6b0a\u3002<\/p><p>8.2 \u9664\u4e86\u70ba\u4e86\u300a1968 \u5e74\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u806f\u90a6\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u60a8\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9069\u7528\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u53d7\u5176\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9664\u975e\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u660e\u78ba\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u901a\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p><p>\uff08a\uff09\u6539\u7de8\u3001\u91cd\u88fd\u3001\u6563\u5e03\u3001\u5217\u5370\u3001\u5c55\u793a\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u3001\u767c\u5e03\u6216\u5f9e\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\u5275\u5efa\u884d\u751f\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1b\u6216<\/p><p>\uff08b\uff09\u5c07\u5f9e\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u7528\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u76ee\u7684\uff0c<br>\u672a\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u4e8b\u5148\u66f8\u9762\u6279\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da2e92f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"da2e92f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b4edc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8b4edc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">9. \u5546\u6a19<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d421968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d421968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>9.1 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u6a19\u986f\u793a\u5728\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u5728\u672a\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u4e8b\u5148\u66f8\u9762\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/p><p>9.2 \u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u986f\u793a\u5c6c\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u5546\u6a19\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u548c\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002\u672a\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u4e8b\u5148\u66f8\u9762\u6279\u51c6\u6216\u76f8\u95dc\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u5148\u66f8\u9762\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u5546\u6a19\u3002 <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7be5579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7be5579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e6fbfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e6fbfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">10. \u9818\u571f\u9650\u5236\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94548d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94548d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8b49\u5167\u5bb9\u9069\u5408\u6216\u53ef\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u5883\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9078\u64c7\u5f9e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u9ede\u5b58\u53d6\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u81ea\u884c\u627f\u64d4\u98a8\u96aa\u4e26\u81ea\u884c\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u60a8\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u9075\u5b88\u4efb\u4f55\u9069\u7528\u7684\u7576\u5730\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002 <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd0fad5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bd0fad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-376db31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"376db31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">11. \u8207\u6211\u5011\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a \n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91a70e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91a70e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>11.1 \u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u901a\u8a0a\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u60a8\u901a\u904e\u7dda\u4e0a\u67e5\u8a62\u548c\u56de\u994b\u8868\u55ae\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u8a0a\u606f\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u683c\u3001\u8ad6\u58c7\u3001\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u6216\u901a\u77e5\u670d\u52d9\uff08\u300c\u901a\u8a0a\u8a2d\u65bd\u300d\uff09\u8207\u6211\u5011\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u3002<\/p><p>11.2 \u60a8\u627f\u8a8d\u901a\u8a0a\u8a2d\u65bd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u516c\u958b\u800c\u975e\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u901a\u8a0a\u8a2d\u65bd\u672a\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u5be9\u67e5\u3001\u7be9\u9078\u6216\u6279\u51c6\u3002<\/p><p>11.3 \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u8a0a\u8a2d\u65bd\u6216\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u6642\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u6388\u6b0a\u3001\u5354\u52a9\u6216\u9f13\u52f5\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5f35\u8cbc\u6216\u50b3\u8f38\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/p><p>\uff08a\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u60a8\u64c1\u6709\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u60a8\u5df2\u7372\u5f97\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5f35\u8cbc\u6216\u50b3\u8f38\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\uff1b <br>\uff08b\uff09\u4fb5\u72af\u6216\u4fb5\u72af\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff1b<br>\uff08c\uff09\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96fb\u8a71\u865f\u78bc\u3001\u5730\u5740\u6216\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\uff1b<br>\uff08d\uff09\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u3001\u5a01\u8105\u6027\u7684\u3001\u8fb1\u7f75\u6027\u7684\u3001\u8ab9\u8b17\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6deb\u7a62\u7684\u3001\u893b\u7006\u7684\u6216\u8272\u60c5\u7684\uff1b <br>\uff08e\uff09\u57fa\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u800c\u8a46\u6bc0\u3001\u4fae\u8fb1\u6216\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff1b<br>\uff08f\uff09\u5305\u542b\u75c5\u6bd2\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u5bb3\u6210\u5206\uff1b <br>\uff08g\uff09\u5ba3\u50b3\u6216\u63a8\u5ee3\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u7db2\u7ad9\u3001\u7af6\u8cfd\u6216\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7528\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u76ee\u7684\uff1b\u6216<br>\uff08h\uff09\u662f\u660e\u77e5\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u3001\u5177\u6709\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\u6216\u6b3a\u9a19\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>11.4 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u59a8\u7919\u6216\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u5011\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u5a01\u8105\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5c0d\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u8a0a\u8a2d\u65bd\u3002<\/p><p>11.5 \u5728\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5f35\u8cbc\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5f35\u8cbc\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4eba\u627f\u64d4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8a72\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u610f\u898b\u6216\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8a8d\u53ef\u9019\u4e9b\u610f\u898b\u6216\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8a8d\u53ef\u5176\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u6216\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4d0b83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b4d0b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae41c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eae41c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">12. \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6388\u4e88\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a31\u53ef<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c63b626 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c63b626\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>12.1 \u901a\u904e\u5411\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8f38\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\uff09\uff0c\u60a8\u6388\u4e88\u6211\u5011\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u3001\u514d\u7248\u7a05\u7684\u3001\u975e\u7368\u5bb6\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u64a4\u92b7\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3001\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u8a31\u53ef\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0d\u8a72\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u57f7\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u6216\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p><p>\uff08a\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u8907\u88fd\u3001\u518d\u6388\u6b0a\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u6563\u5e03\u3001\u7de8\u8f2f\u3001\u6539\u7de8\u3001\u50b3\u8f38\u3001\u767c\u5e03\u3001\u5ee3\u64ad\u3001\u516c\u958b\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u5411\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u9054\u6216\u5c55\u793a\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<br>\uff08b\uff09\u5c07\u5728\u7b2c 12.1(a) \u689d\u4e2d\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u7121\u9650\u5236\u884c\u4f7f\u6b0a\u518d\u6388\u6b0a\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002<\/p><p>12.2 \u7b2c 12.1 \u689d\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u5229\u7528\u8a72\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c08\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u4efb\u4f55\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u5340\u4e0b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u6a19\u8a18\u6216\u5c08\u5229\u6cd5\u4e0b\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p><p>12.3 \u60a8\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u64a4\u92b7\u5730\u540c\u610f\u6211\u5011\u6216\u6211\u5011\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u70ba\u548c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u70ba\u548c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c07\u69cb\u6210\u5c0d\u60a8\u5728\u8a72\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u3002\u9019\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u610f\u66f4\u6539\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8a72\u66f4\u6539\u69cb\u6210\u5c0d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u300c\u8cb6\u640d\u6027\u8655\u7406\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u300a1968 \u5e74\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u806f\u90a6\uff09\u7b2c 9 \u90e8\u5206\u7b2c 4 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u3002 <\/p><p>12.4 \u61c9\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e26\u7531\u6211\u5011\u627f\u64d4\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u57f7\u884c\u4e26\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u66f8\uff0c\u4e26\u63a1\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8a72\u8a31\u53ef\u6388\u4e88\u548c\u540c\u610f\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a434189 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a434189\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81fbb02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81fbb02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">13. \u75c5\u6bd2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb6235 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eb6235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>13.1 \u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u63a1\u53d6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9810\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u7528\u65bc\u5b58\u53d6\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0d\u6703\u4f7f\u60a8\u9762\u81e8\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u60e1\u610f\u96fb\u8166\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5e72\u64fe\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u640d\u58de\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p><p>13.2 \u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5c0d\u56e0\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u9023\u7d50\u7db2\u7ad9\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5c0d\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5e72\u64fe\u6216\u640d\u58de\u627f\u64d4\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd66e41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cd66e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a7e800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a7e800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">14. \u8cc7\u8a0a\u5b89\u5168\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46e7602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46e7602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8b49\u901a\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u8f38\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u52aa\u529b\u4fdd\u8b77\u6211\u5011\u50b3\u8f38\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u50b3\u8f38\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f92d146 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f92d146\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79cc07b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79cc07b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">15. \u9023\u7d50\u7db2\u7ad9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f15ed3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f15ed3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>15.1 \u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u9019\u4e9b\u9023\u7d50\u50c5\u70ba\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u898b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u65b0\u6216\u7dad\u8b77\u3002 <\/p><p>15.2 \u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8d0a\u52a9\u3001\u8a8d\u53ef\u3001\u63a1\u7528\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u3001\u4fdd\u8b49\u6216\u6279\u51c6\u9019\u4e9b\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u6216\u8072\u660e\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c0d\u5176\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8072\u660e\u3002 <\/p><p>15.3 \u672a\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u4e8b\u5148\u66f8\u9762\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u7db2\u7ad9\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38bf812 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"38bf812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cc2ffb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6cc2ffb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">16. \u8cac\u4efb\u9650\u5236\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdbe449 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bdbe449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>16.1 \u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6216\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u8a66\u5716\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u9650\u5236\u6216\u6392\u9664\u4efb\u4f55\u6b0a\u5229\u6216\u88dc\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u64d4\u4fdd\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u8a98\u56e0\u6216\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6b0a\u5229\u6216\u88dc\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u3001\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u64d4\u4fdd\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u8a98\u56e0\u6216\u8072\u660e\u662f\u7531\u7121\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u9650\u5236\u6216\u6392\u9664\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6697\u793a\u6216\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>16.2 \u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6392\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u64d4\u4fdd\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u8a98\u56e0\u6216\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u660e\u793a\u6216\u6697\u793a\u7684\u3001\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u9019\u4e9b\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u64d4\u4fdd\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u8a98\u56e0\u6216\u8072\u660e\u5c07\u88ab\u6697\u793a\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p><p>16.3 \u60a8\u540c\u610f\u60a8\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6211\u5011\u6216\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u5011\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u64d4\u4fdd\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u8a98\u56e0\u6216\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u64d4\u4fdd\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u8a98\u56e0\u6216\u8072\u660e\u672a\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u660e\u78ba\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8b49\u6216\u8072\u660e\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u5c07\u59cb\u7d42\u53ef\u7528\u3001\u53ef\u5b58\u53d6\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u7121\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u904b\u884c\u3002 <\/p><p>16.4 \u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6697\u793a\u6216\u65bd\u52a0\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u64d4\u4fdd\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u8a98\u56e0\u6216\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u6392\u9664\u8a72\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u689d\u6b3e\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u64d4\u4fdd\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u8a98\u56e0\u6216\u8072\u660e\uff08\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6392\u9664\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u9650\u5236\u60a8\u5c0d\u9055\u53cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u6392\u9664\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u88dc\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5247\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9055\u53cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u6392\u9664\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\uff08\u7531\u6211\u5011\u9078\u64c7\uff09\uff1a<\/p><p>\uff08a\uff09\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5247\u4fee\u7406\u6216\u66f4\u63db\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u4f9b\u61c9\u540c\u7b49\u5546\u54c1\uff08\u6216\u652f\u4ed8\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<br>\uff08b\uff09\u5982\u679c\u662f\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5247\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\uff08\u6216\u652f\u4ed8\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>16.5 \u5728\u4e0d\u640d\u5bb3\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u6392\u9664\u689d\u6b3e\u4e0b\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff1a<br>\uff08a\uff09\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5c0d\u60a8\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u9023\u7d50\u7db2\u7ad9\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u640d\u5931\u6216\u640d\u5bb3\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u758f\u5ffd\u9020\u6210\uff09\u627f\u64d4\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c0d\u56e0\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5167\u5bb9\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u640d\u5931\u627f\u64d4\u4efb\u4f55\u8cac\u4efb\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<br>\uff08b\uff09\u5c0d\u65bc\u56e0\u60a8\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u5b58\u53d6\u3001\u6216\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u5b58\u53d6\u3001\u6216\u6feb\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u6216\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7d93\u6fdf\u640d\u5931\u3001\u5be6\u969b\u6216\u9810\u671f\u5229\u6f64\u640d\u5931\u3001\u6536\u5165\u640d\u5931\u3001\u5132\u84c4\u640d\u5931\u3001\u751f\u7522\u640d\u5931\u3001\u696d\u52d9\u640d\u5931\u3001\u6a5f\u6703\u640d\u5931\u3001\u9032\u5165\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u640d\u5931\u3001\u5546\u8b7d\u640d\u5931\u3001\u8072\u8b7d\u640d\u5931\u3001\u4fe1\u7528\u640d\u5931\u3001\u5ba3\u50b3\u640d\u5931\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u640d\u5931\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u640d\u5931\u3001\u5229\u606f\u640d\u5931\u6216\u56e0\u696d\u52d9\u4e2d\u65b7\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u640d\u5931\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u5f8c\u679c\u6027\u7684\u3001\u9644\u5e36\u6027\u7684\u3001\u61f2\u7f70\u6027\u7684\u3001\u61f2\u6212\u6027\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u898b\u7684\u640d\u5931\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u56e0\u9055\u53cd\u5408\u7d04\u3001\u758f\u5ffd\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4fb5\u6b0a\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u52d9\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u64d4\u4fdd\u6216\u4fdd\u8b49\u3001\u6839\u64da\u8ce0\u511f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7121\u8ad6\u8a72\u640d\u5931\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u9810\u898b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u5b58\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u640d\u5931\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c0d\u60a8\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-647a9d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"647a9d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed61706 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ed61706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">17. \u8ce0\u511f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b7fa31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b7fa31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>17.1 \u60a8\u540c\u610f\u4fdd\u8b77\u6211\u5011\u548c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u548c\u54e1\u5de5\u514d\u53d7\u56e0\u60a8\u9055\u53cd\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7fa9\u52d9\u3001\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u60a8\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u8a3b\u518a\u7684\u5e33\u6236\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7db2\u7ad9\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u81f4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u640d\u5931\u3001\u640d\u5bb3\u3001\u6210\u672c\u6216\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u548c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u548c\u54e1\u5de5\u9032\u884c\u8ce0\u511f\u3002<\/p><p>17.2 \u672c\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u8ce0\u511f\uff1a<br>\uff08a\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u8207\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa9\u52d9\u5206\u958b\u4e14\u7368\u7acb\uff1b<br>\uff08b\uff09\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u9805\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u7d42\u6b62\u3001\u7e8c\u8a02\u6216\u5ef6\u9577\uff0c\u6216\u6211\u5011\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bec\u5bb9\u3001\u8c41\u514d\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8b93\u6b65\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u66f8\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u540c\u610f\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<br>\uff08c\uff09\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5145\u5206\u8ce0\u511f\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8cbb\u7528\u548c\u652f\u51fa\u3002<\/p><p>17.3 \u6211\u5011\u7121\u9700\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u672c\u689d\u6b3e\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u8ce0\u511f\u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u524d\u7522\u751f\u8cbb\u7528\u6216\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3002<\/p><p>17.4 \u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u6309\u8981\u6c42\u652f\u4ed8\u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u6839\u64da\u672c\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u8ce0\u511f\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u91d1\u984d\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43674bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"43674bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44f1378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44f1378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">18. \u4e00\u822c\u689d\u6b3e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-040da7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"040da7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>18.1 \u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u50c5\u70ba\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p><p>18.2 \u5c0d\u6cd5\u898f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4e0b\u7684\u6cd5\u898f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u66f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5408\u4f75\u3001\u4fee\u8a02\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u5236\u5b9a\u6216\u66ff\u63db\u3002<\/p><p>18.3 \u9664\u975e\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u660e\u78ba\u898f\u5b9a\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7d55\u5c0d\u914c\u60c5\u6b0a\u4e0b\u7d66\u4e88\u6216\u62d2\u7d55\u6279\u51c6\u6216\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e26\u53d7\u6211\u5011\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u8aaa\u660e\u6211\u5011\u7d66\u4e88\u6216\u62d2\u7d55\u540c\u610f\u6216\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6216\u8aaa\u660e\u6211\u5011\u5728\u53d7\u689d\u4ef6\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7d66\u4e88\u540c\u610f\u6216\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 <\/p><p>18.4 \u672a\u7d93\u6211\u5011\u4e8b\u5148\u66f8\u9762\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f49\u8b93\u6216\u8f49\u8b93\u60a8\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e0b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002<\/p><p>18.5 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<br>\uff08b\uff09\u5982\u679c\u7121\u6cd5\u7e2e\u6e1b\u9055\u898f\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u8a72\u689d\u6b3e\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u5206\u5272\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u5176\u9918\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u540c\u672a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u5272\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<br>\uff08c\uff09\u8a72\u689d\u6b3e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u5340\u6216\u5176\u9918\u689d\u6b3e\u5728\u8a72\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u5340\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u5340\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3001\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6216\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u6027\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c<br>\u4f46\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u8207\u5145\u5206\u5be6\u73fe\u5404\u65b9\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u4e0b\u7684\u610f\u5716\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p><p>18.12 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